Home / AI Policy and Regulation Resources / Explicit Images

Explicit Images

Regulating AI CSAM and Intimate Images

Regulation of AI-created intimate images, often referred to as “deep fakes” has been broadly adopted by states and the federal government. Such regulations can generally be divided into two groups: regulations targeting Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) and regulations targeting non-consensual intimate images of adults.

Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM)

Many states have taken aggressive stances toward AI-generated CSAM, typically expanding existing child exploitation laws to explicitly cover synthetic or computer-generated materials. Many states have amended their statutes to clarify that CSAM laws apply regardless of whether real children were used to create the images, closing potential loopholes that could have excluded AI-generated content. Some of these laws, like Arizona’s HB 2678, make AI-generated explicit visual depictions a crime when such images depict an actual minor. Others, like Texas’s SB 20, more broadly prohibit explicit images of minors, regardless of whether the images depict an actual minor. These broader prohibitions may raise First Amendment free-speech concerns under the Supreme Court case Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 535 U.S. 234 (2002), which struck down provisions in the Child Pornography Act of 1996 as overly broad.

Non-Consensual Intimate Images (Revenge Porn and Deepfakes)

Non-consensual intimate images is one of the few AI-related areas to be regulated by federal law: The federal TAKE IT DOWN Act, signed into law in May 2025, requires covered platforms to establish notice-and-takedown processes and remove non-consensual intimate images within 48 hours. The TAKE IT DOWN Act does not, however, preempt the several state laws that also regulate non-consensual intimate images generated by AI. Many states have extended existing state laws to cover images generated by artificial intelligence (See, e.g., California’s Senate Bill No. 926). In contrast, Louisiana has adopted standalone laws related to deepfakes and non-consensual intimate images (See 14 La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 73.13-14).

JurisdictionStatute/OrderLinkEffective Date
AlabamaAlabama Child Protection LawHB 16810/1/24
ArizonaAmendment of Arizona Intimate Images LawArizona Revised Statutes Section 13-14259/25/25
ArkansasAmendment of Arkansas CSAM LawsHB18777/21/25
CaliforniaAmendment of California CSAM LawsCal. Penal Code Part 1; Title 9; Chapter 7.5 (311-312.7)1/1/25
CaliforniaDigital Identity Theft ActSB 9811/1/25
CaliforniaAmendment of California Law Governing Distribution of Intimate ImagesSB 9261/1/25
ColoradoPreventing Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Digital Depictions ActSB 2888/6/25
DelawareAmendment to the Delaware Code Relating to DeepfakesHB 3538/7/24
FloridaAmendment of Florida CSAM LawsSB 16801/1/25
GeorgiaAmendment of Georgia CSAM LawSB 4667/1/24
GeorgiaProhibition on Nude or Sexually Explicit Electronic TransmissionsGa. Code § 16-11-905/2/22
HawaiiAmendment to Intimate Image LawSB 3096/23/21
IndianaAmendment of Indiana Law Governing Distribution of Intimate ImagesHB 10473/12/24
KentuckyAmendment to CSAM Law and Intimate Images LawHB 2073/28/24
LouisianaLouisiana Deepfake Law14 La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 73.138/1/23
LouisianaLouisiana AI Intimate Image Law14 La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 73.148/1/24
MarylandAmendment to the Maryland CSAM StatuteMD. Code., Crim. Law 11-20810/1/23
MassachusettsAmendment to the Massachusetts Intimate Images LawHB 47446/20/24
MinnesotaAmendment to the Minnesota CSAM StatuteHF24328/1/25
MinnesotaNon-Consensual  Dissemination of a DeepfakeHF 13708/1/23
MontanaMontana Explicit Synthetic Media LawMCA Title 45, Chapter 5, Part 65/12/25
MontanaPrivacy in Communications LawMCA Section 45-8-21310/1/25
NebraskaAmendment of Nebraska CSAM LawsLB 3837/1/26
New YorkAmendment to the New York Statute Prohibiting Unlawful Dissemination or Publication of Intimate ImagesSB1042A11/28/23
North CarolinaNorth Carolina Intimate Images Laws and Amendment of CSAM LawsHB 5911/1/24
OklahomaAmendment to Oklahoma CSAM LawsHB 364211/1/24
OklahomaAmendment of Oklahoma Law Governing Distribution of Intimate ImagesSection 1040.13b11/1/25
PennsylvaniaAmendment of Pennsylvania CSAM LawsSB 121312/28/24
PennsylvaniaAmendment of Pennsylvania Intimate Images LawsSB 121312/28/24
South DakotaAmendment of South Dakota CSAM LawsSB 792/12/24
TennesseeAmendment of Tennessee CSAM LawsHB 21637/1/24
TexasAmendment to the CSAM StatutesSB 16219/1/25
TexasVisual Material Appearing to Depict a ChildSB 209/1/25
TexasAmendment of Texas CSAM LawsHB 27009/1/23
TexasAI Sexual Material Harmful to MinorsHB 5819/1/25
TexasUnlawful Production or Distribution of Certain Sexually Explicit MaterialHB 4419/1/25
TexasUnlawful  Distribution of Sexually Explicit VideosSB 13619/1/23
UtahSexually Explicit Minor AmendmentsHB 2385/1/24
UtahArtificial Pornographic Images AmendmentsHB 148 5/1/24
VermontAmendment of non-consensual sexual image dissemination statuteH 8786/6/24
VirginiaAmendment to CSAM statuteSB 7317/1/24
VirginiaAmendment to the Unlawful Dissemination of Images of Another StatuteB 26787/1/19
WashingtonAmendment to Intimate Images and CSAM LawsHB 19991/6/24
West VirginiaCrimes Against Chastity, Morality and Decency – CSAM/Intimate ImagesSB 1987/9/25
WisconsinAI CSAMAmendment to the CSAM Statute10/4/24