Political Media
Regulating AI in Political Media
Several states have adopted legislation addressing AI-generated content in political advertising. The predominant approach requires disclosure when political advertisements contain AI-generated or substantially altered content rather than prohibiting such use entirely. (See, e.g., California’s AB 2355, which mandates that political committees include a disclaimer stating, “Ad generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence.”) Minnesota, however, prohibits entirely the circulation of unauthorized deepfakes of political candidates when done with intent to injure the candidate or influence the election, with or without disclosure.
Many state laws regarding AI in political advertising apply only during a defined period near an election—typically 60 to 120 days before an election—and target “deepfake” content that falsely depicts candidates saying or doing things they did not actually do or say.
Some of these laws have already faced legal challenges. California’s AB 2839, which prohibits knowing distribution of materially deceptive AI-generated election content, was preliminarily enjoined in October 2024, with the federal court ruling it violated First Amendment protections. Minnesota’s statute, too, is currently being challenged on first-amendment grounds. In addition, California’s AB 2655 was struck down in August 2025 for violating Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 230, which protects platforms from civil liability for what is posted to them.
| Jurisdiction | Statute/Order | Link | Effective Date |
| Alabama | Alabama Materially Deceptive Election Media Law | AL HB172 | 10/1/24 |
| Arizona | Arizona Political Deepfake Law | SB 1359 | 6/4/24 |
| Arizona | Arizona General Deepfake Law | HB 2394 | 6/4/24 |
| California | Deceptive Media in Election Advertisements | AB 2839 | 9/17/24 |
| California | Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 | AB 2655 | 1/1/25 |
| California | Amendment to the Political Reform Act | AB 2355 | 1/1/25 |
| Colorado | Colorado Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures Law | House Bill 24-1147 | 7/1/24 |
| Florida | Florida Act Relating to AI Use in Political Advertising | HB 919 | 7/1/24 |
| Hawaii | Deceptive Media in Election Advertisements | SB 2687 | 6/3/24 |
| Idaho | Idaho Explicit Synthetic Media law | Idaho Code § 18-6606; HB 575 | 7/1/24 |
| Kentucky | AI Electioneering Communications | KRS 117.001 | 12/1/25 |
| Michigan | AI Political Disclaimer Law | HB 5141 | 2/13/24 |
| Michigan | AI Political Deepfake Law | HB 5144 | 7/1/24 |
| Minnesota | Minnesota Statute 609.771 | 609.771 | 7/1/24 |
| Mississippi | AI Political Deepfake Law | SB 2577 | 7/1/24 |
| Montana | AI Deepfakes in Elections | SB25 | 10/1/25 |
| Nevada | Nevada AI Political Advertising Law | NRS Chapter 294A.347-95 | 1/1/26 |
| New Hampshire | New Hampshire AI Political Advertising Law | HB 1596 | 3/27/24 |
| New Hampshire | New Hampshire Deepfake Act | HB 1432 | 1/1/25 |
| New Jersey | Establishes criminal penalties for production or dissemination of “deepfakes.” | A3540 | 4/2/25 |
| New Mexico | New Mexico Campaign Reporting Act Amendment | N.M. Stat. Ann. § 1-19-26 et seq. | 5/15/24 |
| New York | Artificial Intelligence Deceptive Practices Act | N.Y. Election Law § 14-106 | 4/20/24 |
| North Dakota | AI Political Advertising Disclaimer Law | ND Century Code, Chapter 16.1-10 | 8/1/25 |
| Oregon | Use of AI in Campaign Communications Law | SB 1571 | 3/27/24 |
| Rhode Island | Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Election Communications | General Laws, Title 17-30-1 to 4 | 7/2/25 |
| South Dakota | An Act to Prohibit the Use of a Deepfake to Influence an Election | SB164 | 7/1/25 |
| Utah | Utah Information Technology Act | SB 131 | 5/1/24 |
| Utah | Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments | Utah Code § 45-3-2 et. seq. | 5/7/25 |
| Wisconsin | 2023 Wisconsin Act 123 | Wis. Stat. § 11.1303 | 3/23/24 |